Tag Archives: vector borne disease

Where I stayed, the unexpected Brigitte Bardot connection, and a few pictures

Is Tick-Borne Disease Significant in Peru?

That’s what I’m here to find out. It certainly seems like it is present in the dogs. We had a lot of positive cases in the north.

The blood tests we ran

The dogs were treated for ticks and fleas, and given oral anti-parasitics against intestinal worms. The clinic was organized by the Asoc. Humanitaria San Francisco De Asis, which incidentally, receives money from Brigitte Bardot.

Ms. Bardot, in spite of being convicted 5 times for “inciting hatred” in France (against immigrants, apparently ), has a long history of working for the welfare of animals. Life is complicated.

 

 

 

 

 

 

This is where I stayed in Colan.

Who says they don´t love their pets in other countries?

Does this picture require narration?

Can I say third world anymore? (The rules change so often that I lose track)

This man drives a mototaxi (picture coming shortly), a three-wheeled motorcyle converted into a passenger-carrying vehicle. Fares are typically 2 soles ($0.68). There are hundreds plying the streets of Paita, the port town where this picture was taken.

The St. Francis of Assisi Humane Society of Colan set up a clinic. Dogs were given a dose of oral anti-parasitics and a spot-on treatment against fleas and ticks, and then agreed to have blood taken to check for heartworm, Lyme, and ehrlichiosis. Not surprisingly, their is no Lyme disease (that´s our disease), nor did I find any heartworm (mosquitoes don´t do well in the desert).

Are there other problems?

Stay tuned….

Can you get Chagas’ Disease from another person?

Not really. Don’t get caught up in the technicalities, but remember the infective stage of the parasite, Trypanosoma cruzi, is something called a trypomastigote. It exists in the feces of the assassin bug, but also circulates in the periodically in the blood of an infected person.

You can get Chagas’ Disease from an blood transfusion, from an organ transplant, from ingesting the parasite (there have been several large food-borne outbreaks of Chagas’ in South America, with rather grave consequences) and mothers can pass it on to their fetuses.

The blood supply in the United States is screened, though, so your chances of getting it that way are virtually nil.

The research team is in Lima now, preparing to go to Colan tomorrow to check on the status of dogs there.

If they have disease, does it mean that humans are diseased?

Stay tuned.

One Week Until Peru!

The American Deer Tick, vector of Lyme Disease

Our research staff is heading to Peru next week.
There will be some Chagas’ research, but the main focus of this trip will be determining the prevalence of the vector-borne disease known as ehrlichiosis.
Unlike Chagas’ disease, infection with ehrlichia is spread by an arthropod that is well-known to Americans as the tick. Likewise, ehrlichia (which isn’t really one disease, but three–more on this later) is also present in the US. Here is the most up-to-date graph I could find on the web:

Annual cases of Ehrlichia in the US

A friend has said that there are too many ugly bug pictures on this blog. For her, I present this picture of Peru:

Somewhere over the rainbow, bugs may be hiding

Updated: What’s Another 2 Million (or 3 or 4 or 5 Million) People Sick?

There is more uncertainty in the total number of Chagas’ cases  than there are total cases of HIV infection in Latin America.

I picked up the just-off-the-(virutal)press issue of the American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, the publication of the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. There were three new articles on Chagas’ Disease. So in the same issue I read that 18 million or 9.8-11 million  or 9-13 million individuals are infected with Trypanosoma cruzi. One paper–the World Health Organization’s 2002 report, Control of Chagas’ Disease: Second Report of the WHO Expert Committee–claims that Chagas’ Disease is the main cause of death in endemic areas.

So what is the point here? Certainly not to compare one disease to another. Not all of those infected with Trypanosoma cruzi will go on to develop the debilitating and fatal chronic form of the disease, but presumably every case of HIV will infection will progress to AIDS, or require years, if not decades, of  treatment. Interestingly, there are more and better drugs for the treatment of HIV infection than there are for chronic Chagas’ Disease. To complicate matters,  immune suppression, like that caused by HIV infection, is a factor in the activation of chronic Chagas’ Disease, and there are an unknown number of cases of co-infection with Chagas’ Disease and HIV. Chagas’ Disease runs a more severe course in those who  are immune-suppressed.

So what is the point here?

It is that Chagas’ is so widespread that just the level of error in our estimates is even greater than our best estimates for the total prevalence of HIV in the same geographic area.

Time to Shudder: Carrier of Chagas’ vs. Carrier of Rabies

What’s even scarier is that the Youtube link has Scott Brown for Senate  pop-up ads. I apologize for not being able to get rid of those. I consider Scott Brown a little below the bug on the evolutionary scale, and far more disgusting.

A Chagas’ Disease Primer: Part 5

If you wish to read the Chagas’ Disease primer in order, click here to go to Part 1 and follow the links.

Acute Chagas’ Disease? What are the chances?

If a person gets bit by an infected chirimacha or vinchuca (the Peruvian and Argentine words for the assassin bug, respectively, is it likely that acute illness will ensue? What percentage of persons bit will get the symptoms that the previous primer post elaborated?

Fortunately, very few will get sick, perhaps less than 5%.These people won’t get the flu-like illness, nor will they get the chagoma. Life will go on as if nothing had ever happened.

Which is good, right?  After all, current estimates (we’ll talk more about these estimates later)  put the number of those at risk for getting assassin bug bites at around 100 million.

As it turns out, it might be better to know that you’ve been bitten. While feeling kind of punk for a few weeks would really stink, it would be good to get some kind of sign that the little parasites were working their way through your system. As it turns out, acute Chagas’ Disease isn’t the problem. It’s the chronic form that shows up 20-30 years later, when it’s too late to do much about it.  30% of those infected will get the chronic form, which could be anywhere (once again, those wildly-ranging estimates) from 8 million to upwards of 12 million people in Latin America.

The Usual Suspects, Part II: Rhodnius prolixus

Another important vector of Chagas’ Disease

Rhodnius prolixus

Back to Business: Assassin Numero Uno, Triatoma infestans

Triatoma infestans, the most common assassin bug vector in the "Southern Cone"